No man is in Islandملخص الوحدة
Disasters and safety
Vocabulary :المصطلحات
Human =
Man : انسان Solidarity
التضامن :
Disaster = catastrophe: كارثة Protection حماية :
Safety امن :
Damage
تدمير :
Earthquake زلزال
: Resources مصادر :
Floodsفيضانات : Survivors ناجين :
Volcano بركان : Volunteers متطوعين :
Charity : العمل الخيري Crash : اصطدام
Lesson 1 : Direct
/Indirect speech الكلام المباشر/الغير مباشر
Direct speech :الكلام المباشر
وهو الكلام الذي ينقله صاحبه وتشكيله يكون كالتالي :
He/she said “I visit ANNABA “
Indirect speech :الكلام الغير المباشر
وهو الكلام الذي ينقله شخص اخر وتشكيله يكون كالتالي :
He/she says that he/she visits ANNABA
He/she said that he/she visited ANNABA
القواعد : The rules
1-Reporting
verbs are :said - asked – ordered - suggested – answered,reported
…..
-2اذا كان الكلام المباشرDirect speech في المضارعPresent او احد اصناف المضارع present simple,perfect,continous فان الكلام الغير المباشر indirect speech يصبح في الماضي Past او احد اصنافه اي على الترتيب Past simple ,perfect
,continous .
-3 اذا كان الكلام المباشرDirect speech في past simple, perfect فان الكلام الغير المباشر indirect speech يصبح في الماضي التام perfect Past .
|
Indirect speech |
Direct speech |
|
that |
This |
|
Then |
Now |
|
Yesturday
|
Today |
|
Those |
These |
|
Before
|
Ago |
|
The
previous week |
Last week |
|
There |
Here |
|
The
following(day) |
Next (day ) |
|
The
next /following (day) |
Tomorrow |
اساسيات
|
Indirect speech |
Direct speech |
|
Would |
Will |
|
Could |
Can |
|
Should |
Shall |
|
Had to |
Must |
|
Might |
May |
|
امثلة Examples |
|
|
Indirect speech |
Direct speech |
|
Aymen
said that he had visited ANNABA the previous
week Past perfect |
Aymen
said “I visited ANNABA last week ‘’ Simple past |
|
Aymen
said that he had visited ANNABA before 5 days Past perfect |
Aymen said “I had visited
ANNABA 5 days ago ” Past perfect |
|
Aymen
said that he visited ANNABA Simple past |
Aymen
said“I visit ANNABA” Present simple |
|
Aymen
said that he
had visited ANNABA Past perfect |
Aymen
said“I have visited ANNABA” Present perfect |
|
Aymen
said that he
was visiting ANNABA Past continuous |
Aymen
said“I am visiting ANNABA” Present continuous |
|
He asked that where Yassine was? He asks that Where Yassine is? |
He asked:
Where is Yassine ? Wh question(where,what,who,when,how) |
|
She asked
that if I got
good marks. She asks that if I get good marks. |
She
asked: Do I get good marks? Auxiliary verbs (do,are,is,can ,may ,was,………) |
Lesson 2: Modals (Should /ought to /had better=يجب (
تعريف :معناها يجب وتستعمل لاعطاء نصيحة
advice او اعطاء راي opinion
اشكالها :
|
Interrogative |
Negative |
Affirmative |
Modals |
|
Should +subject +vstem +the rest Should you participate in this party ? |
S+ should not+v stem
+the rest Eg :You should not eat too mutch |
S+ should +v
stem +the rest Eg :You should go
to the doctor |
should |
|
|
S+had better not +v
stem +the rest . He had better not
cheet in exam |
S+had better +v
stem +the rest Eg :Sarra had better
stop sheeting in exam |
Had better |
|
|
S+ought +not +to +verb stem Eg :she ought not
to take this book . |
S+ought to +v
stem +the rest Eg :you ought to go
to the dentist . |
Ought to |
Lesson 3: Silent letters الحروف الصامتة
K لا تنطق في الكلمة اذا كان بعدها حرف n : Know
W لا تنطق في الكلمة اذا كان بعدها حرف r : Write- Answer
L لا تنطق اذا انتهت الكلمة ب : alm, alk, alf, olk, ould
b لاينطق اذا كان قبلها mاو بعدها t : Doubt , bomb
nلا تنطق اذا كان قبلها m في اخر الكلمة : Column -Solemn
gh في اغلب الاحيان لاتنطق
gh مثال :thought –high / ولكن ينطق في enough(f)
h في اغلب الحالات اذا كانت
في بداية الكلمة لا تنطق h مثال :honor / honest
Lesson 4 : summarising verbs الافعال الملخصة
|
summarising verbs |
|
To admit
يقر To request يطلب To pray يدعو To order يامر To claim يعتقد To agreeيتفق To suggest يقترح |
Lesson 4: final "ed "
|
/d/ |
/T/ |
/Id/ |
|
b-g-v-thذ -z-j-dj -l-m-n-r. earned -lived |
P
– k - f- Th ث - s - sh-ch watched -dressed |
T-d Wanted -added |
☝☝☝Budding scientists ملخص وحدة
تلخيص رائع ساعدني كثيرا
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