اولى ثانوي :ملخص الوحدة Back to nature
Vocabulary المصطلحات
Environnent بيئة ressources مصادر
او موارد
Protection حماية disaster كارثة
Pollution تلوث global warming الاحتباس الحراري
Pollutantsملوثات floods الفيضانات
Water pollution تلوث الماء earthquake الزلازل
Air pollutionتلوث الهواء areas مناطق
Soil pollution تلوث التراب Bizzards عاصفة ثلجية
Noise pollution تلوث سمعي Drought الجفاف
Climate مناخ rainforest غابة استوائية
Atmosphere /weather الجو ultra
violet الاشعة الفوق بنفسجية
Lesson1:The condional type 0,1,2الشرط
النوع
The condional type 0/ الشرط النوع
نوع الشرط 0 :ويستعمل لوصف حقيقة
علمية .
شكله :+verb in
present ,verb in present
مثال : Ifyou heat water , it boils
Conditional clause /If clause result clause /main clause
جواب
الشرط جملة الشرط
The condional type 1/ الشرط النوع
نوع الشرط 1 :وتستعمل لتوقع المستقبل نتيجة شرط في الحاضر.
شكله : +verb in
present ,verb in future(will+stem)
مثال 1: If Aya works hard ,she
will succeed
Conditional clause /If
clause result
clause /main clause
جواب
الشرط جملة
الشرط
مثال 2 : she works hard if Aya will succeed
result
clause /main clause Conditional clause
/If clause
ملاحظة :
- 1-استعمال الامر في جواب الشرط
مثال :If you see Rami ,give him his book
Result clause Conditional clause
will not = won't -2
The condional type 2/ الشرط النوع2
نوع الشرط 2 :وتستعمل للتحدث عن حدوث شيء مستحيل تحقيقه اي
خيالي .
شكله : +verb in past simple ,would +stem
مثال : I were you ,I would buy a car
Conditional clause /If clause result clause /main clause
جواب
الشرط جملة
الشرط
Lesson 2 :Quantifiers
تعريف :هي كلمات تستعمل للتعبير عن كمية الشيء وهي
تنقسم في الانجليزية حسب استعمالها فمنها من تستعمل للتعبير عن الاشياء المحسوبة
واخرى للغير المحسوبة ومنها من تستعمل في كليهما كما هو موضح في الجدول :
Use |
Examples |
Quantifiers |
Countable
nouns للاشياء المحسوبة |
-I read many books this years. -Sarra will arrive after a few minutes |
Manyالعديد Fewالقليل |
Uncountable
nouns للاشياء الغير المحسوبة |
-I spend much
time in revision. -I need little caffe. |
Muchالكثير Littleالقليل |
Countable
nouns Uncountable
nouns للأشياء
المحسوبة والغير المحسوبة |
-There are a lot of
reasons to stop eating fast food. -I need some time /days to think about you offer. - I don’t have enogh
money to buy this car. |
A lot of الكثير Some بعض Enogh الكافي |
Lesson 3: (Cause and Effect) Connectors الروابط
Lesson 4 : forming adjective by adding the suffixes “able – ic - ive – ful-less “
Adjectives |
Nouns |
Geographic |
Geography |
Helpless |
Help |
Harmful |
Harm |
Countable |
count |
Attractive |
Attract |
Lesson 5 :Stressed syllables في الكلمة الشدة
Examples
امثلة
|
Stress
situation موضع
الشدة |
Type
of word نوع الكلمة |
Adj :'Beautiful –'smart –‘happy Book –‘Pen'Nouns : |
The stress on first syllable
الشدة في اول مقطع
|
Adjective and
nouns الصفات والاسماء |
Verbs : Vi’sit – wri’te |
The stress on second
syllable الشدة في المقطع الثاني |
Verbs الافعال |
A’tomic –infor’mation –‘fusion- Poli’tician |
The stress on second to last
syll الشدة في المقطع قبل الاخير |
Words end with «ic
–sion –ian –tion » كلمات تنتهي ب«ic –sion –ian –tion » |
Natio’nality
–‘national – or’ganize- |
The stress on third to last
syll الشدة في المقطع الثالث قبل الاخير. |
Words end with « y-ize-ate-al » كلمات تنتهي ب« y-ize-ate-al» |
Paragraph about pollution وضعية ادماجية حول التلوث
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants, there are many types of pollution and here definitions of some of them :
Air pollution Caused by the release of pollutants into the air, primarily from industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and burning of fossil fuels.
Water Pollution: Occurs when harmful substances are introduced into water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Sources of water pollution include industrial discharges, oil spills, and improper disposal of waste.
Soil Pollution: Because the presence of contaminants in the soil, often due to industrial activities, improper waste disposal, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture.
Pollution has various causes, and it often results from human activities. Such as industrial activities, vehicle emissions, agricultural practices, plastic Use…etc and all these causes can be effected on the earth and causes many disasters like exposure to air pollutants can lead to respiratory problems because toxic gases and smoke , cardiovascular diseases, and other health issues, water pollution can cause waterborne diseases, affecting human health and ecosystem and pollutants in air, water, and soil can contaminate the food chain and Loss of clean water also change climate and will be bad smells and ugly sights on the earth.
To avoid dangerous of pollution and protect environment the governments should encourage the use and development of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower, Implement and enforce stringent environmental regulations for industries, transportation, and waste disposal to limit the release of pollutants. Encourage waste reduction practices and promote recycling programs ,and the major solution is raise public awareness about the impact of pollution and promote environmental education to instil a sense of responsibility and sustainable behaviour.
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